Artificial Intelligence Reading List

This list captures some of the foundational ideas and concepts in philosophy around Artificial Intelligence. I plan to develop this list around Ethics and Policy in the future.

(Major hattip to Luke Pendergrass, who drafted the original reading list)

Critical Background:

Representation

J.Fodor, 'Fodor's Guide to Mental Representation' (1985)

D.Ryder, 'Problems of Representation I' (2009)

F.Dretske, 'Misrepresentation' (1986)

R.Millikan, 'Biosemantics' (1989)

A.Clark and J.Toribio, 'Doing without representing?' (1994)

T.J.Sejnowski, C.Koch, P.S.Churchland, 'Computational Neuroscience' (1988)

T.Van Gelder, `What might cognition be, if not computation?' (1995) [This paper was my favorite among the background work on representation]

J.Fodor and Z.Pylyshyn, `Connectionism and Cognitive Architecture' (1988)

L.Barsalou, `Perceptual Symbol Systems' (1999)

Optional:

E.Markman and A.B.Dietrich, 'In Defence of Representation' (2000)

F. Adams, `The Informational Turn in Philosophy' (2003),

N.Shea, 'Exploitable Isomorphism and Structural Representation' (2014)

R.N.Shepard and S.Chipman, 'Second-order Isomorphism of Internal Representations' (1970)

D.Papineau, 'Representation and Explanation' (1984)

Fodor, ‘Modularity of Mind’ (1983)

AI – Historical (don’t skip):

J.Haugeland, 'Semantic Engines: an introduction to Mind Design' (1981)

A.M. Turing, 'Computing Machinery and Intelligence' (1950)

J.Copeland, 'The Turing Test' (2000)

A.Newell and H.A.Simon, 'Computer Science as Empirical Inquiry: Symbols and Search' (1976)

J.Fodor, 'Why there still has to be a Language of Thought' (1987)

S.E.Fahlman and G.E.Hinton, 'Connectionist Architectures for Artifcial Intelligence' (1987)

AI – Neural Networks (philosophy):

G.E.Hinton, 'How Neural Networks learn from Experience' (1992)

Y.LeCun, Y.Bengio and G.E.Hinton, 'Deep Learning' (2015)

[Now, learn the math and practice implementation]

AI – Bringing non-representation into it (AKA why we spent so much time on representation):

R.A.Brooks, 'Intelligence without Reason' (1991)

Anderson, M.L. ‘Neural reuse: a fundamental organizational principle of the brain.’ (2010)

J.K.O'Regan, 'How to build a robot that is conscious and feels' (2012) [very, very good]

M.Scheutz, 'Architectural roles of affect and how to evaluate them in artificial agents' (2011)

Prediction and Moving Past Representations

A.Clark, 'Whatever Next?' (2014)

C.J.Price, K.J.Friston, 'Functional Ontologies for Cognition' (2005)

C.Figdor, 'Neuroscience and the Multiple Realisation of Cognitive Functions' (2010)

Optional:

K.Friston and K.E.Stephan, 'Free-energy and the brain' (2007)

The Fun Stuff

Dreyfus, ‘What Computer’s (Still) Can’t Do’ (1992)

Dreyfus, ‘Why Heideggerian AI failed and why fixing it will require making it more Heideggerian’(2007)

Interpretability

S. Barocas, A. D. Selbst, ‘Big Data’s Disparate Impact’ (2016)

F. Doshi-Velez, B. Kim, ‘Towards A Rigorous Science of Interpretable Machine Learning’ (2017)

Bias and Fairness

S. A. Friedler, C. Scheidegger, S. Venkatasubramanian, ‘On the (im)possibility of fairness’ (2016)

Executive Office of the President, ‘Big Data: A Report on Algorithmic Systems, Opportunity, and Civil Rights’ (2016) 

Ethics

N. Bostrom, E. Yudkowsky, ‘The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence’ (2014)

B. D. Mittelstadt, P. Allo, M. Taddeo, S. Wachter, L. Floridi, ‘The ethics of algorithms: Mapping the debate’ (2016)

C. Allen,  G. Varner, J. Zinser, ‘Prolegomena to any future artificial moral agent’ (2000)

P. Bello, S. Bringsjord, ‘On How to Build a Moral Machine’ (2013).

Policy

J. Danaher, ‘Is effective regulation of AI possible? Eight potential regulatory problems’ (2015)

National Science and Technology Council, ‘The National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategic Plan’ (2016)

HOUSE OF LORDS Select Committee on Artificial Intelligence, ‘AI in the UK: ready, willing and able?’ (2018)

B. J. Strawser, ‘Moral Predators: The Duty to Employ Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles’ (2010)

N.M. Richards, W.D. Smart, ‘How Should the Law Think About Robots?’ (2013)

Emotions:

C. Breazeal and R. Brooks, ‘Robot Emotion: A Functional Perspective’ (2003)


Safety:
A. Turner, ‘Towards a New Impact Measure’ (2018)
M. Maas, ‘How viable is international arms control for military artificial intelligence? Three lessons from nuclear weapons’ (2019)